Sources of finance available to a business

Sources of pay available to a condescensionThere argon me really types of concern entity defined in the lawful placements of miscellaneous countries. These include mend principals, partnerships, limited companies, corporations, cooperatives and other specialized types of organization.Sole tradersA furbish up trader is also kn avow as a fix proprietorship its a type of business entity that is.geted and run by one various(prenominal) and in which there is no sub judice distinction. between the owner and the business. whollyiance A legal contract entered into by two or more persons in which each agrees to furnish a part of the capital and labor for a business enterprise, and by which each. sh atomic number 18s a fixed proportion of moolah and lossesCompanies or corporations are distinct dummy persons. created in order to separate legal responsibility for the affairs of a business from the personal affairs. of the individuals who own or operate the business.That are trade d on an. positive stock market. It is the most common design of legal organization for really. swelled business, for the very good reason that they drive home access to very whole funds. for expansion.The shelter that be intimates from being a ships company is thusly substantial. Small firms laughingstock gain this protection when the owner.create a private limited company.If Mr. Javed start business by his own in a form of sole trader ship so the survival forget be a bit difficult because the opportunities of businesses are very little so there lead be barrier of entries to the market. He also dont make do about the rules and regulations of the country and the task formats so sole trader ship pass on give him a bit tough time.Internal assigns of finance is the name. for a firm using its cabbage as a source of capital for new investiture, rather than distributing them to firms owners or other investors and. obtaining capital elsewh Hire purchase and leasing is the legal term for a contract, in this persons usually agree to pay for goods in parts or a percentage at a time. Medium term bank loans This will support the same advantages. and disadvantages as long term loans. Asset sales As firms grow they build up assets. These assets could be in the. form of property, machinery, equipment, other companies or even out logos. In several(prenominal) cases it may be appropriate for a business to address finish some. of these assets to finance other projects.Q.1 Scenario 1Mr. Javed has recently come back from US and wants to invest in Pakistan. Javed wants to invest Rs. 5 one thousand million personally for a viable business project. He has mentioned his in 10tions to some of his friends who would also like to invest with him, but he is non sure about adding any further partners to his business. Though there are umteen advantages of having partners but I want this project to be my baby and dont want to have hassling relationships.P1 Identify the various forms of business.There are many types of business entity defined in the legal dusts of various countries. These include sole traders, partnerships, limited companies, corporations, cooperatives and other specialized types of organization.Sole tradersA sole trader is also known as a sole proprietorship its a type of business entity that is.owned and run by one individual and in which there is no legal distinction. between the owner and the business. The sole proprietor is an unincorporated business with one owner.who pays personal income tax on profits from the business. With little government regulation, they are the. simplest business to set up or take apart, makingthem popular among individual self..contractors or business owners.PartnershipA legal contract entered into by two or more persons in which each agrees to furnish a part of the capital and labor for a business enterprise, and by which each. shares a fixed proportion of profits and losses. A partnership is an arrangement where entities and/or individuals. agree to start a business to achieve their reciprocal goals. Its relation between two or more persons. who have agreed to share the profits and losses according to their ratio of business run. by all or any one of them acting for all. All agreed conditions of partners. are written in PARTNERSHIP DEED.Companies or CorporationsCompanies or corporations are distinct artificial persons. created in order to separate legal responsibility for the affairs of a business from the personal affairs. of the individuals who own or operate the business. The business debts are not owners. responsibility, they belong to the company, which is regarded as a separate person in its own right. The. companies acts distinguish betweenPublic limited companyThat are traded on an. official stock market. It is the most common form of legal organization for really. thumping business, for the very good reason that they have access to very substantial funds. for expansion. The old-hat legaldesignation of a company which has offered shares to the general public. andhas limited obligation. A Public Limited Companys stock stack be acquired by anyone and holders are yet limited. to potentially lose the amount paid for the shares.Private limited companiesThe protection that comes from being a company is therefore substantial. Small firms can gain this protection when the owner.create a private limited company. The word limited tells us that the. business has this legal form. Usually the shares will be owned by the original sole trader, relatives, friends and employees.CooperativesCooperative is a business organization owned and operated. by a group of individuals for their mutual benefit. A cooperative may also be defined as a. business owned and simplicityled equally by the people who use its services or. by the people who work there. Cooperative enterprises are the focus of moot in the field of cooperative economics.P2 Assess the implic ations of the distinct forms of business.Sole traderAdvantagesChoose. hours of workMake your.own decisionsAll the profit do. is your ownClaim expenses and certain. costs against taxThe business can be based on. the interests or skills of the ownerDisadvantagesNo sickness. pay.No set holiday. payThe time consuming. accounting is done in your own free timeIf the owner dies. there is no one to control his businessJob security. is not a factPartnershipAdvantagesYou can share resources, expertise, and strengths.There are limited startup costs.There are few formalitiesYou have a shared financial commitment.Capital is contributed by partnerslosings are shared by partners(if written in partnership deed)Decision making is. easy because there is someone to give advice about the businessDisadvantagesPartners may have. different visions or goals for the business.There may be unequal commitment in terms of time and finances.There may also be. personal disputes.Partners are personally liable f or business debts and liabilities.Profits are. distributed among the partnersUsually decision making takes timeConflicts can bring on among. the partners about the decisionsPrivate limited companiesAdvantagesShareholders have. limited liabilitySeparate legal. personalityContinuity in the event. of the death of a shareholderOriginal owner is still. often able to retain controlAble to raise capital. from sale of shares to family, friends and employeesGreater status than. an unincorporated business.DisadvantagesLegal formalities. involved in establishing the businessCapital cannot be raised by sale. of shares to the general public quite a difficult for. shareholders to switch sharesPublic limited companiesAdvantagesLimited liabilitySeparate legal identityContinuityEase of buying and selling of shares for shareholdersAccess of substantial capital sources due to the ability to issue a prospectus to the public and to offer shares for saleDisadvantagesLegal formalities in formationCost o f business consultants. and financial advisers when creating such a companyShare prices. subject to fluctuationRisk of takeover due to the availability. of the shares on the Stock ExchangeDirectors influenced. by get around term objectives of major investorsP3 and M1 Select an appropriate form of a business. Justify your selected form a business in light of the proposed case and its implications.As Mr. Javed has come to me for suggestion so I will advise him the best and more feasible business in the current situation and in the future. Mr. Javed wants the project to be his baby and wants more profits and more feasible in current market of Pakistan and he recently came back from US so he dont know much about Pakistans market and the people of Pakistan. As his some of friends also want to be his partners in the business so he could take some capital and expertise from his friends to startup the business. His investment of 5million is also a bit less because the inflation rate in Pak istan is high and the currency is lower than many countries, so doing business by adding partners to his business will bring more investments so he can go further. The risk is going to be less because in case of loose the loose is going to be divided between the partners. His friends know the market and current situation of the country better than him so they can give better advises about the business and can make business more successful, as the current activities can affect the businesses very mischievously and Mr. Javed dont know much about it so his partners can also help him in the survival of the business by their expertise.If Mr. Javed start business by his own in a form of sole trader ship so the survival will be a bit difficult because the opportunities of businesses are very less so there will be barrier of entries to the market. He also dont know about the rules and regulations of the country and the tax formats so sole trader ship will give him a bit tough time.Q.2 Scena rio 2 biz Training is a private limited company formed ten years ago by a group of five ex-lecturers. The five are the main shareholders but there is also a shareholder who was a local businessperson who initially approached two of the five to run a training course for her company.P1 and P2 identify the sources of finance available to a business. Assess the implications of the different sources.Businesses are able to raise finance from a wide range of sources. Some of areInternal sources of finance is the name. for a firm using its profits as a source of capital for new investment, rather than distributing them to firms owners or other investors and. obtaining capital elsewhere. It is to be contrasted with external financing .which consists of new money from outside of the firm brought in for investment. Internal financing is. generally thought to be less expensive for the firm than external financing because the firm does not have to incur transaction costs to obtain it, nor does i t have to pay the taxes associated. with paying dividends. Many economists debate whether the availability of internal financing is an important determinant. of firm investment or not. A related controversy is whether the fact that internal financing is. empirically correlated with investment implies firms are acknowledgment constrained and therefore depend. on internal financing for investment.Profits retained in the businessThe accumulated net income retained. for reinvestment in a business, rather than being paid out in dividends to stockholders.Sale of assetsEstablished companies often find that they have. assets that are no longer fully employed. These could be sold to raise cash.Reductions in working capitalWhen businesses annex stock levels or sell goods. on credit to customers they use a source of finance. When companies reduce these assets by reducing. their working capital, capital is released, which acts as a source of finance for other uses.External sources of financeS hort term sources There are three main sources of short term external finance margin OverdraftsBank overdraft An overdraft occurs when some. one withdraws from a bank account and they exceed the available balance. In this situation a person is said to be overdrawn.If there is a prior agreement with the account. provider for an overdraft protection plan, and the amount overdrawn is within this authorized overdraft limit, hence interest is. normally charged at the agreed rate.AdvantagesAn overdraft is flexible. you only embrace what you need at the time which may make it cheaper than a loan.You only pay for the funds. you use.Its quick to. arrange.There is not normally a charge for paying. off the overdraft earlier than expected.DisadvantagesIt has to be rearranged regularly.It can be called in. by the lender at any time.Overdrafts may be secured against business assets. the lender can take control of these if you dont repay the overdraft.Trade creditTrade credit is an arrangement b etween businesses to buy goods or services on account, that is, without making immediate cash payment. The supplier typically. provides the customer with an agreement to bill them later, stipulating a fixed number of days or other date by which the customer should pay. It can be. viewed as an immanent element of capitalization in an operating business because it can reduce the required capital investment required to operate the business if it is managed properlyAdvantagesYou can buy the stock and pay later. when you have sold the stock and made enough money to pay them backEases the cash flow as you can pay after 28-30 daysDisadvantagesIf you do not pay them back on time you can build up a bad credit historyOnly companies with good credit history. can be accepted the trade credit grantDebt factoringWhen a business sells goods on credit it creates a debtor. The longer the time allowed to this debtor to pay up, the more finance the business. has to find to carry on trading. One opti on, if it is commercially unwise to insist on cash payments, is to sell these debts to a debt factor. In this way immediate cash is obtained, but not for the full amount of the debt. This is because the debt factoring companys profits are made by. discounting the debts and not paying their full value. When full payment is chanced from the original customer, the debt factor makes a profit. Smaller firms who sell goods on hire purchase. often sell the debt to credit loans firms, so that the credit agreement is never with the firm but. with the specialist provider.Sources of median(a) term finance there are two main sources of medium term external financeHire purchase and leasingis the legal term for a contract, in this persons usually agree to pay for goods in parts or a percentage at a time. In cases where a buyer cannot afford to pay the asked price for an item of property as a roll up sum but can afford to pay a percentage as a deposit, a hire-purchase contract allows the buyer to hire the goods for a monthly rent. When a sum equal to the original full price plus interest has been paid in equal installments, the buyer may then exercise an option to buy the goods at a predetermined price (usually a nominal sum) or return the goods to the owner.Medium term bank loansThis will have the same advantages. and disadvantages as long term loans.Long term financeLong term loans from banksBank loans As with short term finance, banks are an important source of longer term finance. Banks may lend sums over long periods of time . possibly up to 25 years or even more in some cases. The loans have. a rate of interest attached to them. A mortgage is a loan specifically for the purchase of property. Some businesses. aptitude buy property through a mortgage. In many cases, mortgages are used as. a security for a loan. This tends. to occur with smaller businesses.Advanatages You can borrow. giant amounts.Disadvantage You can pay back with interestDebentures Debentures are g enerally freely transferable by the debenture holder. Debenture holders have no rights to choose in. the companys general meetings of shareholders. Debenture holder charges a specific percentage of interest. rate from the company as they are investing in the company.Advanatages You can borrow large amounts.Disadvantage You can pay back with interestDebenturesA company wishing to raise funds will issue. or sell these to interested investors. The company agrees to pay a fixed rate of interest each year for the life of the debenture (which is often 25 years). The buyers may resell to other. investors if they do not wish to wait until maturity before getting their original investment back. Debentures are often secured. on a particular asset, which means that the investors have. the right, if the company ceases trading, to sell that particular asset to gain repayment. When this is part of the agreement, the debentures. are known as mortgage debentures.Asset sales As firms grow they buil d up assets. These assets could be in the. form of property, machinery, equipment, other companies or even logos. In some cases it may be appropriate for a business to sell off some. of these assets to finance other projects.Advantage You get the money back straight away.Disadvantage In the long run, it is more expensive to lease the. piece of machinery or building. carry profit its the remaining profits. after deducting taxes, owners profits and dividends to shareholders. It can be kept. for other business uses or expansions.Advantage No interest will have to be paidDisadvantage Not available for start up businessP3 and M1 Select appropriate sources of finance for a business project. Justify your source of finance in light of the proposed business and its implications.Before selecting a source of finance for the firm we must know which finance is going to be used in biz training. Biz training is about to buy a online learning outline which they will use for a long period of time . As Biz Training is a private limited company they can not sell their shares in the stock exchange to generate funds to buy the online agreement so Biz Training is going to lease for buying the carcass as it is an fixed asset. By leasing they will not have to collect large amount such as for an asset like system A which is 120,000 pounds by this way their cash will not be disturbed and will not put Burdon on the business. By leasing they would get the system and would start using it they will get to know how profitable the system is and if the online learning system is profitable they will buy the asset after the leasing period and if it is not giving the firm desired profits then the system will be returned or they can sell it after the lease time has finished. The best part of leasing is that all the maintenance cost of the system would be on the leasing company. In this case using other sources such as bank loan or hire purchase would not be a good decision. winning a bank lo an is not easy banks investigate a lot in the companies accounts and will need to be convinced that they will receive their loan back and will charge a lot of interest an will mortgage some of the property or any other assets and if the system is not earning profit and they cant give loan bank so the bank ill sell there property or the asset they have mortgaged so in bank loan the risk is high and in hire purchase Biz training will own the asset. By leasing will be get a clear picture of what decisions need to be taken in the future as they will know if the system they leased will be profitable or not and decide to buy it or let go of it so its better to lease the system and there is going to be less risk in the business.D1.Some firm finance its seasonal (temporary) working capital with long term funds. Explain the clash of these decisions on the profitability and risk of these firms.BibliographyBBP learning Media Business Environment(2007)AS level Business studies ( slit stimpson) I G C S E business studies (Karen Borrington, peter stimpson)