The Ethics of Terraformation Essay -- Space Technology Science Essays

The Ethics of Terraformation What is Terraformation? The purpose of terraforming is to change a dreadful earthly planet into one that can bolster human life on a superficial level. Terraforming is an enormous endeavor, and it includes changing an entire planet's atmosphere, topography, and life. It involves the devastation of land masses and geographical highlights billions of years old, raising the worldwide temperature, and flooding the surface with tremendous seas. The most applicable to this conversation is the discharging of thousands of species from another planet to live and raise, adjusting the climatic cosmetics with each breath. [1] Since the time terraformation was envisioned years back, individuals started to inquire as to whether it was moral. Changing an entire planet to accommodate our wants appeared to be a strict position that doesn’t fit in the possession of people. Science has created from that point forward and with it, changes in bioengineering. We are playing God to a degree that not even sci-fi could envision. In any case, have we really changed? We read in the news or see on the TV regularly about gatherings of ecological nonconformists campaigning for security of common assets or conservation of our national parks. Most of the general population accepts that our condition requires our prompt attention.[2] On Mars it will be the equivalent. There will be people who are expert terraforming and the individuals who are against it. There will be radicals and neutralists. In Red Mars, by Kim Stanley Robinson, the sides are assigned by hues. Greens, or terraforming supporters, are in consistent clash with the Reds.[3] These have become the most well-known terms for portraying individuals associated with terraformation discusses. Why Mars? Individuals have been charmed mind... .... [6] Hamilton [7] Hamilton [8] Hamilton [9] Hamilton [10] NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mars Exploration Rover Mission, 2004, California Institute of Technology, 10 Feb. 2004, <http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/display/press/soul/20040112a.html > [11] NASA. [12] NASA. [13] Graham. [14] Graham [15] Graham [16] Moore [17] DeVincenzi, D. L., P. Stabekis, and J. Barengoltz, Refinement of Planetary Protection Policy for Mars Missions, Adv. Space Res., 1996 Vol. 18, No. 1 <http://library.thinkquest.org/11967/ppp4m.html?tqskip1=1> [18] DeVincenzi [19] Terraforming Mars, 2002, Science Forum, 13 Feb. 2004, <http://www.sciencegroups.com/viewtopic.php?t=9915> [20] Barbour, Ian G., Ethics is an Age of Technology, (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1991) 66. [21] Barbour, 64. [22] Barbour, 69. [23] Barbour, 79.

Comets, Astroids and other junk in space Research Paper

Comets, Astroids and other garbage in space - Research Paper Example signs of debacle, comets, space rocks and different throws out drifting in space are presently increasingly comprehended in speculations and ideas gave in further developed logical talks and research. In such manner, this article is composed to proffer applicable data on comets, space rocks and other drifting items in space. At a similar token, some close to home musings and responses regarding the matter would be induced in the end. Irregular House Dictionary characterizes a comet as â€Å"a heavenly body moving about the sun, ordinarily in an exceptionally unconventional circle, comprising of a focal mass encompassed by an envelope of residue and gas that may frame a tail that streams from the sun.† (n.p.) On the other hand, space rocks are characterized as â€Å"any of the a great many little groups of from 480 miles (775 km) to short of what one mile (1.6 km) in distance across that rotate about the sun in circles lying for the most part between those of Mars and Jupiter.† (Random House, 2009) These are additionally called minor planets. The distinctive qualities of comets from space rocks are its area and their piece. Comets originate from the coldest piece of the nearby planetary group which empowers them to protect their frigid arrangement and residue particles. As comets close to the region of the sun, they discharge dust and the gas which vanishes structure a spouting path as it moves. As per Sea and Sky Organization, â€Å"many cosmologists allude to them as filthy snowballs or cold mudballs in light of the fact that that is actually what they resemble. The ice that shapes a comet can comprise of both water ice and solidified gases.† (standard. 3) Space rocks, then again, are found between the planets of Mars and Jupiter and their structure show no frosts nor cleans around them. Their sizes extend from a couple of feet to a few miles in distance across. There are a few hypotheses with respect to the rise of space rocks in the area, referred to broadly as the space rock belt. The Sea and Sky Organization asserted the accompanying hypotheses, indeed: â€Å"many space experts accept that billions

The Life and Work of Christine de Pizan, Feminist Writer of the Middle Ages

The Life and Work of Christine de Pizan, Feminist Writer of the Middle Ages Women during the Middle Ages tend to be seen as oppressed, robbed of all agency, and constantly under the guardianship of a man. Even though the lives of women during the Middle Ages were more circumvented than the lives of women living in Europe and the United States today, the idea that they lacked control is not entirely true. Nor is it entirely true that medieval women were prevented from expressing their views in public, or that they were prevented from pursuing artistic careers because of the burdens laid upon them as mothers, wives, and daughters. In fact, during the Middle Ages there were plenty of women who led independent lives, excelling as politicians, artists, and writers. One of these women was Christine de Pizan, a French renaissance poet who is the first known woman in France to have made her living solely from writing. Christine is also known as one of the earliest feminist writers, publishing protest poems, utopian fiction about a city inhabited only by women, and a celebration of the achievements of Joan of Arc. Portrait of Christine de Pizan (British Library, Harley MS 4431 f. 4). Born in 1365 in Venice, Christine de Pizan grew up at the court of King Charles V of France, where her father was the royal astrologer and alchemist. The royal court in Paris gave Christine ample opportunity to explore the libraries at the palace and to participate in the intellectual environment. At the age of fifteen, Christine married Etienne de Castel, employed at the royal court as court secretary. Together they had three children before he passed away ten years later. Barely twenty-five years old and a widow, Christine faced the daunting task of supporting her three children, as well as her widowed mother. Christine turned to writing. Throughout her writing career Christine de Pizan produced a total of ten volumes of poetry, most notably a number of so-called complaints, which in medieval literature means “protest poems.” Complaints were short political songs or satirical poems targeting a specific vice or injustice. Her most famous work today is the utopian story The Book of the City of Ladies, which was published in 1405. The story highlights the accomplishments of women, resulting in the establishment of a city populated only by women. In the sequel, The Treasure of the City of Ladies, also published in 1405, Christine furthers her   argument that women can make great contributions to society if they are allowed a level playing field. Christine de Pizan died in 1430. The previous year, she had completed her final work, titled Le Ditié de Jeanne d’Arc (Song in Honor of Joan of Arc). Here, she celebrates the victories and achievements of Joan of Arc, the only known such celebration written in French during Joan’s lifetime. In her writings, Christine de Pizan took aim at the patriarchy, arguing in favor of women’s rights to an education and their right to be considered as men’s equals. It is uncertain how widely spread her books and poems were among the French population, but it is believed that her ideas did have an impact on French legislation. But how could Christine de Pizan criticize the misogyny and injustices of medieval France so openly and get away with it? She achieved this because of her high social status and her connections among the royal court. Also, she embedded her criticism and satire in Christian thought and doctrine. But most importantly, she was a widow. Widows in the Middle Ages were their own legal guardians. Soon after her husband died, Christine de Pizan made the conscious decision not to remarry and instead focus on her writing. And we owe her a debt of gratitude for it. In addition to the titles mentioned above, Christine de Pizan’s work is also available in English in the following editions. Christine de Pizan (Charity Cannon Willard, editor, Sumner Willard, translator), The Book of Deeds of Arms and of Chivalry. Because of its subject matter, one of Christine de Pizan’s lesser known works. Published by Christine de Pizan in 1410, this book discusses the technology and strategies of French contemporary warfare. For a long time it was claimed that Christine had only copied the military writings of others, but as the editor and the translator of this edition show, Christine de Pizan knew her warfare as well as she knew her French renaissance rhetoric. Christine de Pizan (Charity Cannon Willard, editor and translator), The Writings of Christine de Pizan. A collection of excerpts of Christine de Pizan’s works, including The Book of the City of Ladies and Song in Honor of Joan of Arc. Christine de Pizan (Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski, editor, and Kevin Brownlee, translator), Selected Writings of Christine de Pizan. This Norton Critical Edition contains eighteen of Christine de Pizan’s writings, complete with annotations and manuscript illuminations. Also included in this volume are critical essays discussing the selected texts.

The Man And The Monster - 1072 Words

The Man and The Monster Throughout history, there have been many different myths and folklore about monsters. These stories have been passed down many generations and have managed to survive through time, with very little changes. Monsters were created to warn people about the dangers of the unknown in the world. Many of the Monsters have human qualities, both good and bad, imbedded in their being. The similarities between the human and the monster indicate that humans have the capability to be their own monster. Robert Stevenson story, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, demonstrates perfectly that a person has the capability into becoming a monster to society in the story. Despite Dr. Jekyll being a wealthy esteemed member of society, he still became Mr. Hyde, a monster. The undeniable shared characteristics between humans and monsters support the idea that humans will be the destruction of society, if we don’t conform to society’s norms. In most of myths and folklore, monsters contradict society’s rules and ideas of how things should be. For example, vampires are more sexual and werewolves are more primal. Dr. Jekyll became a monster when he decided to be different from society. Mr. Hyde was created because Dr. Jekyll wanted to do something unknown to society. What qualities did Mr. Hyde have that made him a monster? â€Å"Scholars who study monstrosity broadly agree that a monster is something existing near or outside the farthest outlier of acceptable humanShow MoreRelatedThe Man and the Monster in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pages In pursuit of knowledge, he becomes completely absorbed and creates what he calls a â€Å"demonical corpse†; several of the traits that the monster has acquired are a result of his deformities. For example, he has become isolated because others find him hideous, and for that reason he retreats to nature where no one can judge him. With all that in mind, the monster holds a lot of resentment towards his creator, Victor Frankenstein. Nature acts as a means of comfort for both Victor and this creationRead MoreThe Duality of Man: Connections Between Victor and the Monster in Frankenstein1631 Words   |  7 Pagesdetails the relationship between two significant figures, Victor Frankenstein, and his unnamed monster. The critical relationship between such characters causes many literary critics to compose the idea that they are bound by nature – inadvertently becoming a single central figure (Spark). This provides provoking thoughts on the duality of mankind, revealing the wickedness of human nature. The role of the monster as an alter ego to Victor is an ideal suggestion, as their characteristics in the story consistentlyRead MorePolyphemus is a semi-human, man-eating monster with a single eye in the center of his forehead. He600 Words   |  3 PagesPolyphemus is a semi-human, man-eating monster with a single eye in the center of his forehead. He was referred to as a cyclops. He is the son of Poseidon and T hoosa, and lives on an island devoted to cyclops. Polyphemus means abounding in songs and legends. One of the myths was, Polyphemus was in love with a sea nymph named Galateia, a sicilian nereid who had cheated on him with a man named Acis. When Polyphemus discovered this he crushed Acis under a rock. Another myth was the story of OdysseusRead MoreMan Or Monster? By Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Oscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray2820 Words   |  12 PagesMan or Monster? According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, a monster is defined as â€Å"an animal or plant of abnormal form or structure.† While this definition holds some truth, it is limited to only describing external appearances. 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Prejudice is not an emotion in itself; it is an offshoot of fear. He feared the monster, which is why he acted outRead MoreEssay about Character Development in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein 1659 Words   |  7 Pagesof the monster, Elizabeth, and old man De Lacey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the more minor characters but still an intricate part of the story is the old man, De Lacy. He is the father of the family whom the monster watches after he has left his place of creation in Ingolstadt. The monster learns from the family and feels a closeness to them that is new to him. The fact that the old man is blind is no coincidence at all. Shelly purposely made him blind so he could not be influenced by the monster?s hideousRead More Frankenstein Version by Kenneth Branagh Essay780 Words   |  4 PagesKenneth Branagh In 1931 Hollywood made a simplified version of Frankenstein and stereotyped the monster to be evil with bolts in his neck and a big, green square head. In the 1960s an English company called Hammer Horror revitalised Frankenstein movies and Christopher Lee made the monster look more like a man. All of the Frankenstein movies before Kenneth Branaghs version had made the monster evil. In Kenneth Branaghs version of the story he filmed the entire book and tried to stick closelyRead MoreAlexandra Giambruno. Mrs.Schroder. English Iv Honors. 231030 Words   |  5 Pages The story of Frankenstein has mysterious aspects that help the main character Victor create the monster. In a gothic novel, there are a ton of abstract thoughts that can be in play pertaining to the type of story that the author creates. Power and Constraint is one point that plays a lot in the novel itself, it all started with the main creator. Victor Frankenstein had the idea to create a monster; he collected body parts and used modern technologies to make an unnatural creature. The novel itself

Dreams As A Mode Of Freedom - 1611 Words

The theme of dreams as a mode of freedom, an escape, is commonly seen in the literature of African American writers that can be traced as far back as the Negro Spirituals during the time of slavery. While the motif of dreams is used far and wide in African American literature, it is in no way a static matter, but rather a dynamic entity that writers internalize and redefine to express the sentiments of their time. The meaning of the dream progressed accordingly to racial tensions in the country and the freedom African Americans were allotted to express themselves politically and creatively. Starting with Negro Spirituals, hopes and dreams were often connected to a desire of death to escape slavery. Following emancipation though, the dream motif began to articulate a more hopeful future. While some of the poems by the Harlem Renaissance writer Langston Hughes harbor a melancholy attitude echoing that of the Negro Spirituals, Hughes’s work can mainly be seen as the turning point for how the motif of dreams would be portrayed in the works of prominent black authors and figureheads. Langston Hughes was the beginning of the positive portrayal of the dream. At the time, Hughes flourished within his community and it wouldn’t be until many years later that the full breadth of his work would be celebrated. He inspired the likes of Lorraine Hansberry and Martin Luther King Jr. to bring his message to the nation. The dreams expressed by Hansberry and King Jr. reflects those of Hughes’Show MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder Research Paper975 Words   |  4 Pagesthis paper is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) viewed and discussed through a trauma theory lens. 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What makes Aaron’s Rod exceptional is the way it transforms the notion of love, regarded as the savior of human soul from the tyranny of social obligationsRead MoreEssay about The Great Concept Of American Freedom1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Concept of American Freedom Early America was a place for anyone to live their life the way that they wanted, as it is now, but back then this was a new concept. Much of this idea comes from the freedoms obtained by living here. Many other countries in the world had many freedoms, but not as numerous as they were in America shortly after the country was founded. Americans during the late 1700s and early 1800s embraced their freedoms and became leaders and expanders, and what we nowRead MoreThe Great Concept of American Freedom1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Concept of American Freedom Early America was a place for anyone to live their life the way that they wanted, as it is now, but back then this was a new concept. Much of this idea comes from the freedoms obtained by living here. Many other countries in the world had many freedoms, but not as numerous as they were in America shortly after the country was founded. Americans during the late 1700s and early 1800s embraced their freedoms and became leaders and expanders, and what we now considerRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis: of I Have a Dream Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesIn Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech, King makes use of an innumerable amount of rhetorical devices that augment the overall understanding and flow of the speech. King makes the audience feel an immense amount of emotion due to the outstanding use of pathos in his speech. King also generates a vast use of rhetorical devices including allusion, anaphora, and antithesis. The way that King conducted his speech adds to the comprehens ion and gives the effect that he wants to rise above the injusticesRead MoreThe Myth of the American Dream1269 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿THE MYTH OF THE AMERICAN DREAM A Raisin in the Sun is a play written by Lorraine Hansberry in the period following the Second World War. It is divided into three acts and explores the circumstances of the Younger family, a colored family living in the ghettos of southern Chicago. In particular, the play deals with the efforts of Walter Lee, the scion of the family to bring his family out of poverty and into riches by entering into a business venture. The play highlights the psychological and societalRead MoreRen Descartess Principles Of Human Knowledge And The Nature Of Knowledge1732 Words   |  7 Pageswhen it is not. 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Philosophy in Asia, Africa and America Free Essays

The general philosophy of life in Asia is based on the principle of Yin and Yang elements: the light and the dark, the positive and negative effect. It is a belief of balance and counter-balance and both have their opportunities and threats(â€Å"Philosophy: Yin and Yang vs. Good and Evil,† 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy in Asia, Africa and America or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Taoism principle of Way to happiness, the Buddhism philosophy that values love, wisdom, goodness, calm, and self-control in order to end worldly sufferings by following the Eightfold path and Confucius’ social code of behavior. People base their lifestyle on luck, souls and spirits, reincarnation, the Nirvana and many others. These are the major religions of Asia and of the world that until now are still untainted. Western philosophy, which includes Europe, Canada, and U. S. A. , is based on Christianity, a religion with fundamentals of Good vs. Evil. This forms strong approach of â€Å"rights† and â€Å"wrongs†. Under any condition an individual’s action is based on morality; either morally right or morally wrong (â€Å"Philosophy: Yin and Yang vs. Good and Evil,† 2007). From the rationalism and empiricism, to politicism, determinism, collectivism (which human rights derived) and scientism which claim that science is the only knowledge which is exact and ultimate. Basically, there are four trends that can be regarded as the foundation of African Contemporary Philosophy in our present times. These trends are Ethnophilosophy (based on the myths, folk-wisdom and the proverbs of the people), Philosophic Sagacity (a reflection of a person who is acknowledged both as a sage and a thinker), Nationalist-ideological Philosophy (aims at seeking a true and a meaningful freedom for African people that can be attained by mental liberation and a return to genuine traditional African humanism wherever it is possible) and Professional Philosophy (consists of criticism and argument, which to them, are the essential characteristics and conditions for any form of knowledge to be judged as philosophy). Nowadays, African intellectuals work with other scholars outside Africa to carry out the works in African philosophy wherein, modern system of education are strongly influenced by the European countries and among those important political African thinkers influenced by western philosophy are Kwame Nkrumah, Kenneth Kaunda and Julius Nyerere. Nà ©gritude and pan-Africanism are considered the two most important philosophical interests out of all the intellectual movements in Africa in the twentieth century (Emagalit). How to cite Philosophy in Asia, Africa and America, Papers

Creating Climate of Organizational Diversity

Question: Discuss about the Creating Climate of Organizational Diversity. Answer: Introduction Social work is a process of improving the quality of the services provided to the people in the community. According to Teater (2014), social work emphasizes the strength-based approach that helps in enhancing the quality of their lifestyles. Social work theories are formulated to facilitate the professional etiquette and discipline for the welfare of the community. Social work helps in engaging people for addressing the challenges of life and enhancing the well-being of the people. The study will present the brief summary of the key learning goals of the student for the placement of a social worker in Auburn Diversity Services. The study will develop the idea of the case management etiquettes and practices. The preferable actions regarding the necessary servies provided to the clients will also be highlighted in this research paper. Background of the Organisation Auburn Diversity Services (ADSI) is a non-profit and community based organisation that promotes the multiculturalism principles, social justice, equity, and access to the community welfare factors. The organisation is much committed to the development of the strategies that clearly addresses the demands of the local migrants. Moreover, it is also focusing on the emerging communities and recent arrival (Scott-Parker et al., 2013). In addition to this, the organisation aims at fulfilling the needs of the humanitarian entrants, youth, women, refugees, unemployed, and aged people. The organisation identifies the needs of the people in the community and provides the adequate service facilities to improve their lifestyles. The student has joined here and has attended different seminars to promote the improved lifestyle of the community people. The further section of the study will provide the insightful knowledge about the different social care programmes attended by the students. It will also focus on the social work theories that are helpful enough in establishing the proper attitudes to promote such lifestyles. Refugees and Human Rights, Social Work Advocacy, and Government Policies It is to be informed that Australian Human Rights Commission considered the immigration detention practice, law, and policy. The report determines that the asylum seeker and the refugees will receive the access to the community resources. Australia is the part of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).the commission has paid the focus on raising concerns about the refugees, whose visas were denied. As a result, it was the security assessment of from ASIO and beneficial for the refugees. Most of the initiatives are adopted to provide the adequate securities to the refugees. The human rights policies are undertaken to improve the quality of life of the immigrants and the refugees within the community. The human rights policies make sure that the immigrants and refugees get access to the necessary resources for the betterment of their lives. The AASW keeps the focus on advocating the professions in different levels, which include evidence to royal commissions and government inquiries. The association also leads the campaign for social work professions and registration under the scheme of National Registration and Accreditation. The codes of ethics are formulated to promote the fair society by facilitating the social justice. The advocacy of the association concentrates on following aspects. It identifies the proper and justified consultation. It concentrates on the policy analysis process The Association undertakes the consultation process The advocacy sometimes develops the argument and submits the proper documentation. These policies and advocacy are beneficial enough in improving the lives of the refugees. A social worker must need to derive such knowledge for the placements. Key Learning Goals of the Student for the placement In order to identify students key learning goals, it is essential to pay attention towards the case management practices and etiquettes in line with the governing networks and policies. Professional care management practices are associated with different principles of focus, compassion, quality, and experience (Scott-Parker et al., 2013). Professional case management includes the knowledgeable and dedicated professionals who can deliver the full range of the services. They even need to concentrate on the continuous care to improve the quality of lives. The practices and etiquettes related to the case management process are associated with the some of the governing networks. The associated principles in governing networks are the establishment of the trusting relationships, conveying empathy, and focusing on client. The governing network of National Association of Social Workers implies the social workers need to build the faithful relationship with the clients. The clients pay the integral role in case management process. Development of the effective relationships with the clients is essential for the social workers. It would be helpful for engaging the clients and developing the appropriate interventions with the clients (Hall et al., 2014). Conveying empathy is another behavioural etiquette that the social worker needs to maintain. Keeping the focus and priorities on the clients is much important for building the faithful relationships and engaging them for improving the interventions (Keith Russell, 2013). The student is visiting different social care programmes where the clients are gathered. Meeting those clients and communicating with them is much helpful to derive knowledge regarding their needs and demands. Hence, it will be helpful for the social worker to gain trust and engage the cl ients much significantly. Sequential Actions Necessary for the clients and essential services There are some of the sequential steps essential for undertaking the refugee health programs and these steps are as follows: Defining the purpose of the health programme The programme includes the health screening and immunization Interpretation and Translations services are provided The compliance during the health screening is provided to the refugees (Billett, 2016). Measurement of the program outcome will be undertaken. In order to facilitate the refugee programs, these steps are essentially needed to be initiated. Proficient Code of Referral and Corresponding Style of Communication The codes of ethics presented by Australian Association of Social Work (AASW) are essentially needed to be maintained by the social workers. The referred codes of ethics for the social workers are as follows: Identification of the value and ethics for undertaking the fruitful ethical practices Providing the proper guidance and standards for conducting the ethical social work as well as accountable service delivery process It is necessary to provide the adequate focus for the professional social work identities (Busch-Armendariz, Nsonwu, Heffron, 2014). The social workers need to participate in the foundation for decision-making and ethical reflection process. The social workers need to guide the social workers for determining the reciprocal rights with AASW, employees, and colleagues (Parrott, 2014). It is necessary to provide the clarified social work actions in terms of legal and industrial disputes. Some of the means of communication is necessary for establishing the necessary services for the social care programme (Sue, Rasheed Rasheed, 2015). It is to be indicated that the development of the effective relationship between the service providers and the interpreting services is one of the most helpful way of establishing corresponding communication (Healy, 2014). It is necessary to pay attention to the association of the bilingual workers to communicate in an efficient way. In order to get into a social work placement, it is necessary to derive some of the corresponding communication styles for interacting with the clients. While visiting the social care programme, it is necessary for the student to improve the listening skills. The clients present some of the specific concerns regarding the improvement of their lifestyle (Healy, 2014). Hence, active listening skills can be the most efficient way of communication with the clients. Receiving information from the clients is also necessary. The student needs to pay attention towards both the verbal and non-verbal communication styles (Mehra Davis, 2015). The gestures, facial expression, and voice modulation are needed to be understood. Hence, it would be efficient enough in communicating with the clients. Establishment of the effective communication process is beneficial enough in building the trust and faithful relationships. Attending the educational events and seminars is much effective to communicate with the clients and acquire knowledge about the method of improving the lifestyles of refugees and immigrants in the community (Scheme Council, 2015). However, the student has visited some of these social work events and the information derived from these events would be aligned with the social work theories. Social Work Events and Social Work Theories The student has attended different seminars and events where the initiatives were discussed. The student was a part of this programme, which was organized to support the rehabilitation of torture and trauma services. Taking participation in such programme is quite relatable to the system theory, which covers the broader area of methodological and theoretical practices across many of the disciplines. According to Rubin and Babbie (2016), system theory is generally concerned with the complex system structure that addresses the whole system of social work initiatives. It generally depicts the understanding of individuals to relate to the society. The student also visited Refugee Health Clinic, which was organized for providing supports to the refugees and improving their lifestyles. As per the applied system theory of social work, the social workers employ such theory to understand the dynamic relationships between the families, individuals, institutions, and societies (Sue, Rasheed Rasheed, 2015). It is necessary to identify the appropriate functions that can be beneficial enough in promoting support for the people who need to improve their lifestyle in the community. In case of the refugees, it is essential for the social workers to undertake the initiatives for improving the quality of the lifestyles of the refugees. The system theory is concerned with following areas, Social workers have to perform some of the roles and responsibilities for improving the lives of others. They are sometimes considered as the policy advisors or sometimes as the health professionals (Mehra Davis, 2015). They are much committed to improve the social conditions of the individuals and this initiative is the core concerns for the social workers. The system theory is usually applied to understand the dynamic interrelationships between the families, individuals, and societies (Billett, 2016). It is necessary to identify the system functions that have the negative impacts on the different functionalities. The social workers are much concerned about the entire communities and social welfare. The system theory is thus applied to understand the social structure of the communities. It even attempts to advocate the programs and policies that are promoting the social justice, high standards of living, equality, and economic prosperity (Billett, 2016). Social workers often use the system theory for understanding the relationship and roles within the family. It also measures the effects created upon the individuals (Mehra Davis, 2015). Hence, the applied system theories are quite concerned with the learning goals of the student for placements. The student has attended the different social work programmes that were beneficial enough in promoting the social work theories and strengthening the self-potentiality for the placements. The social work programmes were beneficial enough in addressing the issues faced by the immigrants or the refugees (Billett, 2016). The people from the community gathered in those events due to which the student could communicate much efficiently. Hence, the social work programmes were also much helpful for the student to develop the professional skills as a social worker. Conclusion The study reflects the evaluation of the social work practices of the student for placement in Auburn Diversity Services. It is necessary for the students to identify the relevant social work practices and etiquettes to learn the right attitudes. The appropriate codes of referral and relevant communication process would be beneficial for developing the professional skills for social work. The student took participations in different social work programmes where the communication with the clients was established. Identification of the roper social work theory and need of the clients are essential for the placement of the student as a social worker. References Billett, S. (2016). Learning through health care work: premises, contributions and practices.Medical education,50(1), 124-131. Busch-Armendariz, N., Nsonwu, M. B., Heffron, L. C. (2014). A kaleidoscope: The role of the social work practitioner and the strength of social work theories and practice in meeting the complex needs of people trafficked and the professionals that work with them.International Social Work,57(1), 7-18. Hall, P., Brajtman, S., Weaver, L., Grassau, P. A., Varpio, L. (2014). Learning collaborative teamwork: an argument for incorporating the humanities.Journal of interprofessional care,28(6), 519-525. Healy, K. (2014).Social work theories in context: Creating frameworks for practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Keith, N. R., Russell, J. A. (2013). Creating a climate of organizational diversity: Models of best practice.Kinesiology Review,2(3), 190-202. Mehra, B., Davis, R. (2015). A strategic diversity manifesto for public libraries in the 21st century.New Library World,116(1/2), 15-36. Parrott, L. (2014).Values and ethics in social work practice. Learning Matters. Rubin, A., Babbie, E. R. (2016).Empowerment Series: Research Methods for Social Work. Cengage Learning. Scheme, C., Council, A. C. (2015). AUBURN NSW 1835 Tel.(02) 9725 1222 Email: auburncouncil@ auburn. nsw. gov. au Website: www. auburn. nsw. gov. au. Scott-Parker, B., Hyde, M. K., Watson, B., King, M. J. (2013). Speeding by young novice drivers: What can personal characteristics and psychosocial theory add to our understanding?.Accident Analysis Prevention,50, 242-250. Sue, D. W., Rasheed, M. N., Rasheed, J. M. (2015).Multicultural Social Work Practice: A Competency-Based Approach to Diversity and Social Justice. John Wiley Sons. Teater, B. (2014).An introduction to applying social work theories and methods.McGraw-Hill Education (UK).

Romeo And Juliet-Comparison Essay Essays - , Term Papers

Romeo And Juliet-Comparison Essay Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare and Romeo and Juliet interpreted by Zeffirelli are two versions of a classic tale of two young lovers. In reading Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and viewing Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet one becomes aware of many differences between them. Although the basic storyline remains the same, the differences are obvious. These differences can be found in the setting, characters and their speeches, and the culmination of the story. These differences between the versions produce two entirely different interpretations of the story. Zeffirelli changed the story by changing important scene by use of omitting characters or switching the order of the events. For example in Act V, when the Prince gave his final speech, Friar Laurence was supposed to be present to give his own confession, but was left out by Zeffirelli's version. This left the explanation of why the lover's were truly dead for the watchers to question. Shakespeare had Montague raise a statue in Juliet's honor, signifying the end of their feud. Zeffirelli, on the other hand, chose only to show the two lords together making for a weaker end. The omission of characters from important scene was not the only change noted between the two. Zeffirelli also took poetic license in the creation of Romeo and Juliet. He gave his lines to characters when in Shakespeare they were spoken by another. This was shown during the party scene, Act I, scene V when Lord Capulet was to rebuke Tybalt and call him?.......saucy boy.........? The line was instead given to Lady Capulet. This exchange of lines between the characters does not always help in the understanding of the story. The use of adding lines to characters created different personalities and gave the characters greater insight than in Shakespeare's version. It added in helping understand the character's motives more. Zeffirelli also had some positive differences than that of Shakespeare. Since the setting was in the same time period as Shakespeare's rendition the reader could visualize the environment and dress of the era. This made the characters and story more life-like than trying to picture it from a written page. Zeffirelli also ?fleshed-out? the characters, giving them more depth and emotion than in Romeo and Juliet. This is shown when the nurse goes to Juliet and finds her ?dead.? She runs out of Juliet's chamber screaming and flailing her arms in a frenzy. The audience was able to interact with the characters and their emotions by seeing Romeo and Juliet visually, also making the language more understandable. An example of this is when Romeo kills himself and Juliet sees him, hears guards, and you are able to see Juliet frantic. As a result of this, the scene is made more complete, causing the audience to experience greater tension than reading the play. Even though Zeffirelli gave more definition to some characters, Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet was more enjoyable. Although he did not give as much information as to what was happening, he allowed the reader more freedom to interpret the situations on their own. Without the reader having readShakespeare's Romeo and Juliet most of the symbolism in Zeffirelli's version would not have been understood. The two different authors used a variety of techniques to change the story or to have the audience understand the siuations. Though they may seem different at times, the storyline never changes, it always remains about two young lovers who tragically die as a result of snap-decisions.

Effect Of Physiological Measures Across Psychological Conditions Psychology Essay Essay Example

Effect Of Physiological Measures Across Psychological Conditions Psychology Essay Essay Example Effect Of Physiological Measures Across Psychological Conditions Psychology Essay Essay Effect Of Physiological Measures Across Psychological Conditions Psychology Essay Essay We assessed the conditions of rousing by utilizing Thayer s activation-deactivation adjectival checklist ( AD-ACL ) to separate between the physiological and psychological which we expected some important difference within energy and tenseness, and no important difference between bosom rate and tegument conductance rousing. Elevated rousing was associated with exercising, relaxation, and practical environment conditions to rise the bosom rate, skin conductance, energy and tenseness. To look into this conditions, experience trying methods were used with a more typical exercising ( cycling motorcycle ) , relaxation ( piece of music ) , and practical environment ( project practical rollercoaster ) protocol. Overall participants were 75 university pupils from 2nd twelvemonth psychological science categories. In add-on, participants were asked to finish the AD ACL before each status, and instantly after a 3 proceedingss prosecuting in a motorcycle exercising, listening to a piece of music, and watching the practical rollercoaster in a category scene. Introduction How do you experience? It is a inquiry that is frequently asked, but ever finds it hard to reply. If one tries to depict how one feels when one is angry or afraid or happy, one will likely utilize physiological descriptions for the feeling. We experience assorted physiologic alterations when we are sing emotion, and there is clearly a strong connexion between the reactions of our physiologic and psychological. Numerous research workers have suggested that rousing theory could organize the footing of theory of emotion, given that rousing is a non-specific physiological stimulation, rising an single consciousness. Mandler ( 1982 ) suggested that the break of ongoing idea procedures is sufficient to trip the autonomic nervous system ( ANS ) . This province is by and large known as physiological rousing which has been labelled based on a cognitive reading of the stimulation. Arousal has been defined as a province of mental preparedness for activity . Arousal is mediated in the cardinal nervous system ( CNS ) through the reticulate formation. Arousal may attest in low or high, low degrees of rousing indicate low degree of activity in the reticulate formation and the country of the cerebral mantle to which it undertaking. High degree of arousal provinces, exhilaration, and terror, these are the equivalents of high nervous rousing. Eysenck ( 1967 ) proposed that people can be described as being either introverted or extroverted. From the biological position, an extravert will seek more stimulation than an introvert because their rousing system requires more stimulation to go aroused. Arousal has besides been linked to cognitive and affectional procedures such as information processing and attitude formation ( Holbrook and Hirschman 1982 ; Singh and Churchill 1987 ) . Thayer ( 1967 ) argues that rousing is in fact a multidimensional procedure. Harmonizing to Thayer s later works ( 1986 ) , rousing is viewed as being composed of four dimensions known every bit high activation ( HA ) ( tenseness ) , general activation ( GA ) ( energy ) , general inactivation ( GD ) ( composure ) , and inactivation slumber ( DS ) ( weariness ) . In this survey planar theoretical account of rousing proposed by Thayer are traveling to be examined, high activation ( tenseness ) , and general activation ( energy ) . These two signifiers of rousing have been labelled tense and energetic. Tense rousing is a continuum runing from composure to anxiousness, and energetic rousing is a continuum runing from fatigue to energy ( Matthews, Jones, A ; Chamberlain, 1990 ; Thayer, 1967, 1978b ) . Energetic rousing has been found to be associated with better public presentation on undertakings such as watchfulness, ocular hunt, and consecutive reaction clip, whereas tense rousing does non look to impact public presentation on these undertakings ( Matthews A ; Westerman, 1994 ) . The purpose of the present surveies was to look into the utility of doing a farther differentiation between the two-dimensions of rousing. The other has to make with the features relationship between extroversion and invagination rousing ( physiological ) and public presentation. Method In this survey, we start of by roll uping informations from 75 pupils from the University of Bedfordshire 2nd twelvemonth of psychological science pupils during their tutorial categories. The pupils were assigned to three conditions ( relaxation, exercising, and practical environment ) in a group of two. In each group one pupil was the experimenter while the other was the participant. Merely 39 % ( n = 29 ) of the pupils completed the 3 conditions due to hapless pupils attended, so 46 participants were excluded due to their informations being inconclusive. The participants engaged in the experimental conditions during the biological and cognitive tutorials which took about 5 hebdomads. Before each status could be attempted or measured participant were asked to enter their bosom rate and tegument conductance ( GSR ) by utilizing an IBM compatible computing machine with a power lab 26T informations acquisition system by attaching the finger pulse transducer to their fingers to mensurate the bosom rate and finger electrodes to mensurate the voltaic tegument response ( GSR ) . The bosom rate and the tegument conductance ( GSR ) were recorded before and after participant engaged in any of the three conditions. Thayer s ( 1967 ) Activation Deactivation Adjective Checklist ( AD-ACL ) a self study measuring tool was used to measure participant feelings of rousing. Thayer s adjectival checklist is a four dimensions of affectional infinite energy ( subscale points: active, energetic, vigorous, lively, full-of-pep ) , fatigue ( sleepy, tired, drowsy, wide-awake, wakeful ) , composure ( placid, composure, at-rest, still, quiet ) , and tenseness ( jittery, intense, fearful, clutched-up, tense ) . In all cases, we used the short signifier of AD-ACL which assessed two of the subscales ( Energy rousing and Tension rousing ) , participants were to react to these points by bespeaking how they felt before and after the three conditions. Verbal consent was given to the pupils ( experimenters A ; participants ) as a signifier of blessing by the seminar lector to execute their research ( relaxation, exercising A ; practical environment conditions ) in one of the psychological science research research lab. Students were approached within their tutorial periods and provided an overview of the probe. On the 2nd hebdomad ( tutorial started at hebdomad 2 ) of the experiment, participants completed the AD-ACL before prosecuting in a three proceedingss exercise status and the experimenters were to take base line tonss for bosom rates ( HR ) , skin conductance ( GSR ) , energy and tenseness of participants who would so finish a mild exercising status by cycling for three proceedingss on a Monark 817E exercising motorcycle. Immediately after the three proceedingss exercise status the experimenter so reconnected participants to power lab 26T informations acquisition system to roll up all the basal line tonss measuring once more. The experimenters so scored the baseline result and recorded the consequences, while participants completed the after exercising status AD-ACL. The information that was recorded for exercising status were to be analysed for important addition in bosom rate ( HR ) , skin conductance ( GSR ) , and important difference in energy and tenseness. Week three of the experiment, participants one time once more complete the AD-ACL before prosecuting on the 2nd status which was relaxation status. The experimenters were to take base line tonss for bosom rate ( HR ) , skin conductance ( GSR ) , energy and tenseness of the participants who so underwent a short relaxation status by listening to a 3 proceedingss 40 seconds unagitated piece of music. Directly after the piece of music for the relaxation status finished, the experimenters so reconnected participants to power lab 26T informations acquisition system once more and took all the basal line tonss once more. The experimenters so scored the baseline result and recorded the consequences, while participants completed the after relaxation status AD-ACL. The base line informations recorded for relaxation status were to be analysed for important difference in bosom rate ( HR ) , skin conductance ( GSR ) , and important decrease in energy and tenseness. On the 4th hebdomad, participants completed the AD-ACL before prosecuting in another status which was practical environment. The experimenters were to roll up another status base line mark for bosom rate ( HR ) , skin conductance ( GSR ) , energy and tenseness of the participants before the participants sat in forepart of a projector screen and experienced a computerised rollercoaster simulation drive. The simulation drive was taken from practical package which is called no bounds rollercoaster the practical environment simulation took 2 proceedingss. Immediately after the two proceedingss practical environment simulation drive finished, the experimenter so reconnected participants to power lab 26T informations acquisition system to roll up all the basal line tonss measuring once more. The experimenters so scored the baseline result and recorded the consequences, while participants completed the after practical environment status AD-ACL. The base line informations that was recorded for practical environment status were to be analysed for skin conductance ( GSR ) important low, and energy was to be significantly higher, whereas bosom rate ( HR ) and tenseness should non demo any important difference. Experiment informations aggregation occurred for the following four hebdomads, at the terminal of all conditions experimenters gave their informations sheets to the seminar lector. The consequences from all the groups were combined and placed on a SPSS dataset which were so made available via BREO ( the university intranet ) so that the informations can be analysed for ANOVAs and correlativities. Consequence Hypothesis 1- comparing the relationship between measurings across the 3 conditions: Relaxation status: The correlativities between HR vs.GSR measuring is non important ( r = 0.08, P gt ; 0.05 ) . This consequence supports the hypothesis between the steps and status. For HR vs. energy measuring ( r = -0.40, P lt ; 0.05 ) . This means that there is a negative important correlativity between the two measurings. There is non important correlativity between HR vs. tenseness measurings ( r = 0.02, P gt ; 0.05 ) . Participant with higher bosom rate have lower tenseness step. There was no important correlativity between GSR vs. energy steps ( r = 0.20, P gt ; 0.05 ) . This means participants GSR were lower and energy was significantly higher. Besides GSR vs. tenseness shows no important correlativity ( r = -0.24, P gt ; 0.05 ) . Energy vs. tenseness ( r = -0.09, P gt ; 0.05 ) . This means that there was no important correlativity between the 2 steps. Exercise status: There is no important difference between the steps of HR vs. GSR under the exercising status ( r = 0.15. P gt ; 0.05 ) , every bit good as for the undermentioned measuring under the same status: HR and energy ( r = 0.11, P gt ; 0.05 ) , HR and tenseness ( r = 0.30, P gt ; 0.05 ) . The relationship between GSR and energy and tenseness for exercising status was besides examined, the result shows there is no important for these measurings, GSR and energy ( r = 0.11, P gt ; 0.05 ) , and GSR and tenseness ( r = 0.31, P gt ; 0.05 ) . There are no important differences between the two steps, energy vs. tenseness ( r = -0.03, P gt ; 0.05 ) . Virtual environment status: There was no important correlativity between the steps variables across practical environment status: HR vs. GSR ( r = 0.19, P gt ; 0.05 ) , HR vs. energy ( r = 0.22, P gt ; 0.05 ) , HR vs. tenseness ( r = 0.06, P gt ; 0.05 ) . There are no important differences between the two steps, GSR vs. energy ( r = 0.15, P gt ; 0.05 ) , and GSR vs. tenseness ( r = -0.18, P gt ; 0.05 ) . Energy vs. tenseness ( r = 0.03, P gt ; 0.05 ) . This means that there was no important correlativity between the 2 steps across this status. Hypothesis 2- there would be a important difference within the 4 steps: Heart Rate steps: There is a highly important difference within the 4 steps groups in their conditions ( F ( 2,56 ) = 108.33, P lt ; .01 ) . The relaxation HR mean ( M = 76.97 ) , exercise HR ( M = 120.69 ) , and practical environment HR ( 78.05 ) . None of the 4 steps differed from one another with related t-tests when a bonferroni accommodation was made for the figure of comparings . GSR steps: The ANOVA showed that there is no important within the 4 steps groups in their conditions ( F ( 2,56 ) = 1.38, P gt ; .05 ) . Looking at the tests of between-subjects effects table we can see that there is a important difference between the 4 steps ( F ( 1,28 ) = 7.12, P lt ; .01 ) . The agency of the 4 steps ( relaxation GSR mean ( M = 2.99 ) , exercise GSR ( M = 4.16 ) , and practical environment GSR ( 0.86 ) ) are illustrated in the line chart below and supply our apprehension of the relationship between the 4 steps and 3 conditions. Energy steps: We would reason that there is a important difference in the energy steps of the 3 conditions ( F ( 2,56 ) = 16.35, P lt ; .01 ) . The relaxation energy mean ( M = 9.03 ) , exercise energy ( M = 14.52 ) , and practical environment energy ( 11.86 ) . None of the 4 steps differed from one another with related t-tests when a bonferroni accommodation was made for the figure of comparings . Tension steps: There is a important difference at 5 % degree in the tenseness steps of the conditions ( F ( 2,56 ) = 3.53, P lt ; .05 ) . The relaxation tenseness mean ( M = 7.17 ) , exercise tenseness ( M = 8.00 ) , and practical environment tenseness ( 9.00 ) . None of the 4 steps differed from one another with related t-tests when a bonferroni accommodation was made for the figure of comparings . Hypothesis 3- important correlativities between the 3 conditions: Relaxation status: A related analysis showed an overall important consequence for the relaxation status ( F ( 3,84 ) = 520.90, P lt ; .01 ) . By comparing the means steps under this status we besides found that the HR different from GSR, energy A ; tenseness ( p = 0.001 ) . The agencies steps for GSR and energy ( p = 0.001 ) and tenseness ( p = 0.067 ) . The average steps for energy A ; tenseness ( p = 0.257 ) . The average difference is important at the.05 degree. Exercise status: There is a statistical important difference in the exercising status ( F ( 3,84 ) = 579.41, P lt ; .01 ) . The agencies steps by status besides showed a important difference on both degrees ( .01 A ; .05 degree ) . Virtual Environment status: A related analysis showed an overall highly important consequence for the practical environment status ( F ( 3,84 ) = 979.55, P lt ; .01 ) . There is a significantly difference between the agencies steps, HR vs.GSR, HR vs. energy, A ; HR vs. tenseness ( p = 0.001 ) . GSR vs. energy A ; GSR vs. tenseness ( p = 0.001 ) . Energy vs. tenseness ( p = 0.018 ) . Overall the agency for the 4 steps differed. Discussion The consequences of the present probe suggest that exercising baseline steps may non be brooding of energy and tenseness as tenseness was at lower degrees prior to exert than they were recorded instantly after. Energy nevertheless did increase significantly across the conditions. This form follows the expected form of consequences where exercising increased tenseness during exercising, and resulted in positive affectional alterations ( Thayer, 1987b ) . However, the typical decrease in anxiousness ( tenseness ) was non evidenced. This may be due to the possibility of a delayed Anxiety relieve consequence that may take longer than 3 proceedingss ( Bartholomew, 1999 ) , and that higher strengths may really promote tenseness for a clip period ( Ekkekakis A ; Petruzzello, 1999 ) as the average strength during exercising was comparatively high. To acquire a true step of the consequence of exercising on affect, it seems that we should see participants overall affectional forms in add-on to those before steps and after an exercising stimulation. In this mode, it might be possible to better understand the nature of the consequence of exercising on affectional provinces. The of import consequences obtained from the AD-ACL steps clearly show that the relationship between the conditions is suitably considered in the context of each participant s transeunt degree of rousing. The determination that introverted participants with a high degree of General Activation ( energy ) conditions less than those with a low degree of High Activation ( tenseness ) is implicative grounds that introverted participants may be given to be over-aroused. Among extrovert participants, high degrees of General Activation ( energy ) eased public presentation, proposing possibly that they tended, if anything to be under-aroused. Finally, the findings of this research are limited in their generalisable as the exercising session involved group activity and a healthy and active university-aged sample, every bit good as some informations been removed due to incomplete. The demand to supervise physiological responses during the conditions may besides hold influenced the mode in which participants approached this undertaking.

Dessertation on ''stress on international students Dissertation

Dessertation on ''stress on international students - Dissertation Example To determine the specific stressors affecting the students, I structured questionnaires intended to be filled by the international students. In the the questionnaires the students are required to fill whether they are stressed or not by the following factors. They include financial challenges, university fees, getting job in the United Kingdom, language and accommodation. In addition, the questionnaire will determine whether international students pay more fees than the local students do. The questionnaires were sent 100 the international students through the internet and they were supposed to send back the results after one day. The study will target undergraduate and graduate students and all genders. This study is informed by recent findings by Amposah (2010) which established that international students in Manchester University have considerably higher levels of stress than the local students in spite of them facing equal academic challenges. This has resulted to the students ado pting poor stress coping mechanisms including drug abuse, dropping out of school and prevalence of psychological disorders. According to Agnes and Harriet (1993), stress is the emotional feeling a person experiences while under pressure. In this regard, stress is a response of preparing the body to face anticipated tough challenges, with renewed focus, strength and high level of concentration. According to Abe, et al. (1998:21) regulated stress is a motivational factor and it enhances output of the affected person. However, too much stress arising from excessive pressure is counterproductive and it could lead to physical and mental illness. A research conducted by Amposah (2010) established that international students are very prone to stress because of enormous pressure of excelling in their studies, meeting their living expenses and adjusting in the foreign country. Stress often happens in situations that require immediate attention, but in some cases, it extends for long periods causing a lot health and behavioral problems to a person. The effects of long-term stress normally results to feelings of being overwhelmed by the challenges at hand and low energy levels to cope (Mind for better mental health, 2010). Abe, et al (1998:442) established that congested schedules that hardly leave enough time for relaxation and rest as the most prevalent stressors among international students. Though most international students face similar stressors, they have different ways of handling and coping with the stressing situations. Some externalize it by projecting their anger to other persons while other internalize the pressures resulting to mental and physical disorders .These can subsequently develop into severe health and behavioral conditions such as depression, anxiety, panic attacks , drug abuse, suicidal tendencies among others(Mind for better mental health, 2010). This study investigates stressors on international students, undertaking their studies in Manchester University in the United Kingdom. Manchester University in United Kingdom has an ancient tradition of attracting and admitting students from different countries in the world. The most common feature that attracts foreign students to universities in the UK is the high academic standards that often lack in the institutions of higher learning in their home countries. British universities are credited for producing prominent personalities in the world in their respective areas of specialization. In this respect, they attract numerous

Classification of the Applications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Classification of the Applications - Assignment Example Hackers cannot use this application in some unacceptable way because even in the case, of getting access to the configuration of the application hacker can only block the access to some certain sites and user of the computer can remove the application and reinstall it with the correct configurations. Prey is quite effective software used for tracking laptop, phone, tablet or another portable computer to remotely locate it and lock. The user can find it even if the device is stolen. To do so, the owner can log into the web-service and turn on the sounding of alarm or showing of the onscreen message that will inform the thief about the search engaged for him. The user can find the device even if he/she has lost it or left somewhere. To make it work user should install little software on the desired device and it will wait for the remote signal and will activate the system to track the location of the device. Moreover through the online service owner can gather all information about the device, lock it down, etc.  For business purposes, managers can use Prey to lock down business phones, which are used by workers in an unacceptable manner or to trace the activity of the users. Moreover, with the right approach, Prey can help for logistics to track devices installed on the transports and to know their routes, to enhance logistic schemes.  With enough experience, hacker can hack the main web interface and get keys and locations of the devices, to get personal information from them or just lock down them. However such scenario is almost impossible.  Keylogger is software which register, store and supply information that is entered through the keyboard. Such application work implicitly and only one, who installed this application knows about its existence.  Home user can use this application to track activity of the children in the given computer. The application will store every information children enter or copy/paste on the computer.

Effect Of Temperature On The Digestive Enzyme Pepsin Biology Essay

Effect Of Temperature On The Digestive Enzyme Pepsin Biology Essay In this study an experiment was carried out to determine if varied temperatures affect the rate at which enzymes function. Enzymes are biological catalysts; catalysts are substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up (BBC, 2010), without these catalysts it would take an extremely long time for these reactions to take place. The enzyme used in this particular experiment was pepsin; pepsin is a zymogen of pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is activated by hydrochloric acid, which is released from parietal cells in the stomach lining. The hormone gastrin and the vagus nerve trigger the release of both pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid from the stomach lining when food is ingested. Hydrochloric acid creates an acidic environment, which allows pepsinogen to unfold and cleave itself in an autocatalytic fashion, generating pepsin. (Life Science Network, 2010) A lot can be learnt about enzymes by studying the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions, these rates of reaction can be studied in various ways. In this experiment, using a range of different temperatures, the enzyme pepsin will be mixed with egg albumen. This is high in protein and bound to the dye Coomassie blue to gain a light absorbance reading using a spectrophotometer and in effect see how much protein has been digested by the pepsin. Egg albumen was used as the protein source in this study as although it is composed mainly of around 80% water it has about 15% of its total mass made up from approximately 40 different types of proteins, mainly Ovalbumin (54%) (Edin Formatics, 1999). A spectrophotometer is a device used for measuring light intensity and will be used to determine the amount of protein in each mixture, it works by measuring the light intensity as a function of the colour or more specifically the wavelength of light (Global Water Instrumentation Inc, 2007) (Appendix 2). Therefore the lower the reading means less light has been absorbed by the solution being tested indicating in this case that more protein (egg albumen) has been digested by the enzyme (pepsin) and the lower the reading the faster the enzyme reaction rate. If enzyme reactions are affected by temperature, then changes in temperature may bring about different absorbances of light readings related to how much protein has been broken down by the enzyme. As pepsin is found in the stomach it would seem only logical to assume the optimum temperature for this particular enzyme would be around 37Â °c, human body temperature. Method A cuvette was filled with 0.5ml of distilled water and placed in a spectrophotometer, then the machine was calibrated by pressing the zero button with the spectrophotometer set to a wavelength of 595nm. After calibration 0.5ml of egg albumen (2mg.cm-Â ³) was added to a test tube using a glass pipette and incubated in a pre heated water bath at a temperature of 10Â °c (then 20Â °c, 30Â °c, 40Â °c, 50Â °c, 60Â °c, 70Â °c) for five minutes. 0.5ml of pepsin (0.1%) was then added to the test tube and incubated at the same temperature for a further ten minutes. After this incubation period 2.0ml of Coomassie blue reagent was added to the test tube and immediately mixed by capping the test tube with parafilm and inverting several times. After the test tubes contents had been mixed they were carefully poured into a cuvette and placed into the spectrophotometer with the light absorbance levels being recorded at a wavelength of 595nm. The experiment was carried out three times at each temperature to achieve reliable data. Results The results documented in Table 1 are the light absorbance reading averages of three separate experiments carried out at each temperature. A full set of results can be seen in Appendix 1. Figure 1 shows the averaged results plotted on a scatter graph. Table 1 Temperature (Degrees Celsius) Average light absorbance at 595nm 10 2.501 20 2.550 30 2.516 40 2.403 50 2.543 60 2.740 70 2.806 Fig 1 Change absorbance Discussion The results in Table 1 as well as the bell curve graph (Fig 1) show that the optimum temperature as predicted in the hypothesis seems to be 40Â °c, close to human body temperature. These results also show that temperature has a definite effect on the rate the enzyme reacts to breakdown the protein in the egg albumen. Table 1 shows that at 10Â °c, 20Â °c and 30Â °c the light absorbed by the solution is more than at 40Â °c, this is because the pepsin has not broken down as much of the egg albumen at lower temperatures as it has at 40Â °c so the spectrophotometer is picking up more undigested protein particles in these readouts. The same applies to the temperatures above 40Â °c and indicates 40Â °c is the best temperature range for pepsin to be active. Enzymes are made up of amino acids; amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins consisting of a basic amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and an organic side group attached to the carbon atom (Biology Online, 2010). When an enzyme is formed it is made by stringing together between 100 to 1,000 amino acids in a specific and unique order defining the three dimensional shape of the enzyme and its particular chemical reactivity (Brain, M. 2000). The lock and key theory explains how an enzyme may work, it utilizes the concept of an active site on the enzyme. The theory is that a particular part of the enzymes surface has a strong affinity to the substrate (protein). The substrate is held in such a way that its conversion to the reaction products is more favorable. If you consider the enzyme is the lock and the substrate is the key, the key is inserted in the lock and turns it to open the door letting the reaction proceed (Worthington Biochemical Corporation, 2010) (Appendix 3). However, the induced fit theory expands on the rigid lock and key theory. This updated view of enzymology proposes that the substrate causes a conformational change in the enzyme so the active site achieves the exact configuration for a reaction to occur, the overall effect being a tighter binding between the enzyme and substrate (Allaby, M. 1999) (Appendix 4). The benefit of this tighter binding would be a faster reaction rate as more surface area of the enzyme would be in contact with the substrate. The kinetic collision theory describes temperature affects on a system as the amount of kinetic energy it has, a lower temperature will provide less kinetic energy than a higher temperature. When molecules collide the kinetic energy can be converted into chemical potential energy, if the chemical potential is great enough the activation energy or energy required for an enzyme to work can be reached. The more chemical potential energy molecules have when they collide, a greater number of molecules per unit time will reach the activation energy needed to bind the enzymes active site to the protein resulting in a quicker rate of reaction. If the temperature gets too high some of the weak bonds that determine the shape of a protein and its active site could be broken resulting in the enzyme becoming denatured and decreasing the rate of reaction sometimes rendering the enzyme inactive (Brooklyn College, 2010). Figure 1 shows that after 50Â °c the enzyme reaction rate slows down considera bly, the enzyme is denaturising at a faster rate than it is below 30Â °c. This change in enzyme reaction rate may be due to the fact that pepsins are stored at low temperatures to prevent the enzyme destroying itself, therefore pepsin is less active at lower temperatures until it reaches its activation energy around 30Â °c and anything beyond around 50Â °c 55Â °c will rapidly denature the pepsin so the molecules in the active site can no longer bind to the protein and produce a reaction, rendering the enzyme inactive permanently. Once the pepsin has digested the egg albumen it would still be difficult to analyse the amount of protein left at each temperature, this is why Coomassie was added before taking a reading. In an acidic environment the protein will bind to Coomassie causing a spectral shift from a reddish/brown colour with a low absorbance maximum of 465nm to a light blue colour with a higher maximum absorbance of 610nm with the difference of the two colours greatest at 595nm, an optimal wavelength (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 2010). The binding of the Coomassie takes place when the red form donates its free electron to the ionisable groups on the protein causing a disruption of the proteins normal state and revealing its hydrophobic pockets. These pockets, via Van der Waals forces (attractive and repulsive forces between molecules) bind to the non polar region of the dye, putting the positive amine groups close to the negative charge of the dye, creating a strong bond. Binding of the protein stabilizes the blue form of Coomassie dye, thus the amount of complex present in solution is a measure for the protein concentration by use of an absorbance reading. (Bradford M, 1976, P248-254) Although this experiment has produced reliable accurate data that has proven the hypothesis right, many things could affect the results and readings obtained. When using such an accurate way of recording the data such as a spectrophotometer a number of things could affect the reliability of the results. Things like minor differences in volumes of substances added to the test tubes or inattentive timing methods could be damaging to the results obtained. Simple human error could possibly influence any results with any fingerprints or water on the cuvette affecting the absorbance readings. Conclusion In conclusion, the study carried out was adequate for the data required and indicated that temperature definitely affects the rate at which an enzyme reacts. As long as the method is executed well this is a great experiment to look at temperature and its effect on enzyme activity however as with any scientific study human input is a crucial factor and could affect the quality of results. Another experiment may need to be carried out to determine what the optimum temperature is on a more specific scale, something closer to body temperature would help to discover a more precise optimum temperature, 35Â °c 40Â °c for example. As well as finding out an exact optimum temperature a further study to find out the optimum pH of pepsin could be done to further enhance the enzymes rate of reaction, focused around the acidic pH in the human stomach. Appendices Appendix 1 Temperature (Â °c) Absorbance at 595nm (Reading 1) Absorbance at 595nm (Reading 2) Absorbance at 595nm (Reading 3) 10 2.430 2.550 2.520 20 2.480 2.530 2.640 30 2.500 2.510 2.540 40 2.360 2.400 2.450 50 2.520 2.560 2.550 60 2.660 2.780 2.780 70 2.800 2.820 2.800 Appendix 2 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spetrophotometer-en.svg Appendix 3 http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/Carboxypeptidase/images/lockkey.jpg Appendix 4 http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Induced_fit_diagram.svg/450px-Induced_fit_diagram.svg.png

Hih Collapse Essay

HIH were put into provisional liquidation which brought there huge obligations to light. The corporate officers, auditors and regulators of HIH failed to see, remedy or report what should have been obvious. And some of those who were in or close to the management of the group ignored or, worse, concealed the true state of the group’s steadily deteriorating financial position. 2. A large quantity of the public were affected by the collapse as HIH was a massive insurance company who would not be able to pay many people out. Former employees of HIH now found themselves without a job, and left many industries such as building in turmoil as people could no longer supply compulsory home warranty insurance. 3. I think that the main cause of the collapse would be the covering up there losses and writing false statement to balance the situation. A lack of attention to detail, a lack of accountability for performance, and a lack of integrity in the company’s internal processes and systems. Combined, these features led to a series of business decisions that were poorly conceived and even more poorly executed. 4. A vital part of the work of this Commission has been its deliberations on the future. Everything that can be done should be done to minimise the risk of a collapse of the severity of the HIH failure happening again. Recommendations include the regulation of insurers, structural reform affecting the industry, accounting considerations and management and control of corporations.

Phloem and Principal Water-conducting Elements

Exercise 4 (Histology) 1. 1 Give at least three distinguishing features of these groups of cells. Apical meristems have the following features: (1) a â€Å"border† of cells; (2) they follow order or shape; and (3) some cells are darker (indicating that they undergo mitosis). 2. 1 Identify the tissue. The tissue is a vascular cambium. 4. 5 (? ) Is the epidermis uniseriate or multiseriate? In the cross section of a young root of Helianthus, the epidermis is uniseriate. 6. 1 What do you call the outgrowths of the epidermis? These are called trichomes. 6. 2 What is their function? They function mainly for support and protection of the leaf or stem which contains the epidermis. 6. 3 Classify the types of epidermal outgrowths in the above plants. bristle| scale| simple hair| glandular| branching| stellate| 7. 1 Draw and identify the tracheary elements. reticulate| annular| pitted| scalariform| helical| 8. 1 Differentiate the sieve tubes from the companion cells. The sieve tubes in the phloem are composed of long, narrow cells which lack a nucleus, ribosomes, and some other cellular components; they transport sugars and other organic nutrients. Companion cells have nuclei and ribosomes that also serve the sieve-tube cells but do not themselves take part in conduction. 8. 2 What are the principal water-conducting elements of the xylem? The two principal water-conducting elements of the xylem are the tracheids and the vessel elements. 9. (Table 4. 1) Specimen| Tissue| Cell Types| Characteristic(s)| Function(s)| Cassava pith| | | | | Tomato fruit pulp| | | | | Spanish flag petiole| | | | | Lotus peduncle| | | | | Celery petiole| | | | | Coleus petiole| | | | | Mung bean seed coat| | | | | Peanut pericarp| | | | | Pineapple leaf| | | | | Others| | | | |

Rome The Capital City Of Italy Essay - 944 Words

Rome is the capital city of Italy, situated in the central-western Italian Peninsula. The historical context of Rome begins at around 753 B.C.E. Rome s initial relocation was in a portion of different early ethnicities, such as, Etruscans, Latins, and Sabines, eventually populating the city as the capital of the Roman Monarchy, Republic, and Empire. For around 244 years, Rome was represented by a monarchy. Over the 244 year time span, â€Å"there were seven rulers to control the kingdom, in sequential order: Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tulles, and Tarquinius Superbus. Tarquinius Superbus was nullified from the throne in 509 B.C.E., and Rome turned into an oligarchic republic† (history.com). Amid the republic, Rome encountered a period of civil war between the wealthy and the poor. After a centralized armed force was set up, the city battled against numerous states for the sole purpose of growing its regional standard. 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